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RESEARCH 薪水保护计划是否支持小企业活动?

COVID-19大流行对美国人的生活造成了广泛和长期的破坏.S. since a national emergency was declared on March 13, 2020. 小企业在最初几个月的收入大幅下降. Expenses also declined commensurately, 这反映了收入的减少以及保持流动性的努力. 小企业的标志性项目是工资保护计划(PPP), 从2020年到2021年,到2011年,它们分配了近8000亿美元.8 million loans to small businesses nationwide. 我们的研究简报提供了关于购买力平价的两个特征的见解:大量相对较小的贷款和最初短期救济的持续时间.

我们分析了购买力平价对企业经营活动的影响程度和持续时间, as measured by expenses. Our findings shed light on the effects of smaller loans, in contrast to other studies focusing on loans greater than $150,000. 2020年近69%的PPP贷款和2021年87%的PPP贷款为5万美元或以下. We found that upon receipt of PPP funds, 与对照组相比,小企业的开支增加了40%以上, with significant but declining effects over four months.

 

我们还发现,在规模最小的公司中,这种影响更大, 也许是因为它们比大型银行的流动性更受限. 这项研究将有助于决策者评估支持该计划所需的巨额财政支出,并为未来救济计划的设计考虑提供见解. Click here to read more.

KEY FINDINGS:

Finding 1: Upon PPP receipt, 与对照组相比,小企业的支出增加了40%以上, with significant but declining effects over four months.

Finding 2: PPP贷款对支出的影响在2020年4月和5月最大, when small business expenses were particularly depressed.

Finding 3: 在收到贷款后,最小的公司经历了更大的支出影响, 也许是因为他们比大公司更受流动性限制.

Finding 4: Restaurants may have used PPP loan proceeds to frontload expenses.




Authors

Chris Wheat

President

Chi Mac

Small Business Research Lead